OzonAction: The Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment

The Montreal Protocol’s Legacy

Since its adoption in 1987, the Montreal Protocol has successfully phased out ozone-depleting substances (ODS), averting catastrophic damage to the ozone layer. By eliminating harmful chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the treaty has prevented millions of cases of skin cancer and cataracts globally. A study from 2021 estimates that the Protocol will avoid 443 million skin cancer cases and 63 million cataract cases for Americans alone by the end of the century.

The Kigali Amendment: A New Frontier

Adopted in 2016, the Kigali Amendment builds on the Montreal Protocol by phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)—potent greenhouse gases used as ODS replacements. By curbing HFC emissions, the Amendment is projected to prevent an additional 0.3–0.5°C of global warming by 2100. UNEP emphasizes the importance of accelerating the adoption of natural refrigerants like CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons, which align with climate goals.

Ozone Protection and Health

Ozone layer recovery shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which causes skin cancer, cataracts, and immune suppression. However, the effects of past ozone depletion will linger for decades, highlighting the urgency of ongoing global cooperation.

Refrigeration and Cooling: A Critical Sector

The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) sector is pivotal in food preservation, vaccine storage, and overall human well-being. The newsletter outlines the need for sustainable cold chains and the transition to low-GWP refrigerants to ensure environmental compliance and energy efficiency.

About OzonAction SCOOP

OzonAction SCOOP is a tri-annual newsletter providing insights on ozone and climate-related developments. This issue reinforces the essential role of the Montreal Protocol in fostering a healthier, more sustainable future.

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